Ibn Khaldun
Muqaddimah — father of sociology and historiography
The most original historical thinker before the modern era. The Muqaddimah invented the social sciences: analyzing the rise and fall of civilizations through economics, group solidarity (asabiyyah), and cyclical dynamics.
Key works
- Muqaddimah (Introduction to History)1377— Philosophy of history — the birth of sociology
- Kitab al-Ibar (Book of Lessons)~1377-1406— Universal history — the Muqaddimah was its introduction