Epictetus
Discourses, Enchiridion — Stoic freedom
Born a slave, became the most influential Stoic teacher of the Roman world. His Discourses and the handbook Enchiridion teach that freedom lies not in controlling external events but in mastering one's own judgments. His division between what is 'up to us' and what is not remains the foundation of Stoic practice.
Key works
- Discourses~108— Transcribed by Arrian — the Stoic classroom
- Enchiridion~125— The handbook — Stoicism compressed to essentials